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Compare Mozambique (2003) - French Polynesia (2001)
Compare Mozambique (2003) z French Polynesia (2001)
| Mozambique (2003) | French Polynesia (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Maputo City*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia | none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 5 archipelagic divisions named Archipel des Marquises, Archipel des Tuamotu, Archipel des Tubuai, Iles du Vent, and Iles Sous-le-Vent
note: Clipperton Island is administered by France from French Polynesia |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 42.1% (male 3,634,173; female 3,725,396)
15-64 years: 55.3% (male 4,712,891; female 4,945,123) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 189,778; female 271,905) (2003 est.) |
0-14 years:
29.74% (male 38,473; female 36,925) 15-64 years: 65.17% (male 86,128; female 79,076) 65 years and over: 5.09% (male 6,481; female 6,423) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry | coconuts, vanilla, vegetables, fruits; poultry, beef, dairy products |
| Airports | 165 (2002) | 45 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 22
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 5 (2002) |
total:
32 over 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 19 under 914 m: 6 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 143
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 35 under 914 m: 91 (2002) |
total:
13 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 10 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total: 801,590 sq km
land: 784,090 sq km water: 17,500 sq km |
total:
4,167 sq km (118 islands and atolls) land: 3,660 sq km water: 507 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly less than twice the size of California | slightly less than one-third the size of Connecticut |
| Background | Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement with rebel forces ended the fighting in 1992. Heavy flooding in both 1999 and 2000 severely hurt the economy. Political stability and sound economic policies have encouraged recent foreign investment. | The French annexed various Polynesian island groups during the 19th century. In September 1995, France stirred up widespread protests by resuming nuclear testing on the Mururoa atoll after a three-year moratorium. The tests were suspended in January 1996. |
| Birth rate | 38.2 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 18.6 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $393.1 million
expenditures: $1.025 billion, including capital expenditures of $479.4 million (2001 est.) |
revenues:
$1 billion expenditures: $900 million, including capital expenditures of $185 million (1996) |
| Capital | Maputo | Papeete |
| Climate | tropical to subtropical | tropical, but moderate |
| Coastline | 2,470 km | 2,525 km |
| Constitution | 30 November 1990 | 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) |
| Country name | conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique
conventional short form: Mozambique local long form: Republica de Mocambique local short form: Mocambique former: Portuguese East Africa |
conventional long form:
Territory of French Polynesia conventional short form: French Polynesia local long form: Territoire de la Polynesie Francaise local short form: Polynesie Francaise former: French Colony of Oceania |
| Currency | metical (MZM) | Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF) |
| Death rate | 30.04 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 4.45 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $966 million (2002 est.) | $NA |
| Dependency status | - | overseas territory of France since 1946 |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Sharon P. WILKINSON
embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo telephone: [258] (1) 492797 FAX: [258] (1) 490448 |
none (overseas territory of France) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Armando PANGUENE
chancery: 1990 M Street NW, Suite 570, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 293-7146 FAX: [1] (202) 835-0245 |
none (overseas territory of France) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $632.8 million (2001) | $367 million (1997) |
| Economy - overview | At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Inflation was brought to single digits during the late 1990s although it returned to double digits in 2000-02. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual budget, and the majority of the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's workforce. A substantial trade imbalance persists although the opening of the MOZAL aluminum smelter, the country's largest foreign investment project to date has increased export earnings. Additional investment projects in titanium extraction and processing and garment manufacturing should further close the import/export gap. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level. | Since 1962, when France stationed military personnel in the region, French Polynesia has changed from a subsistence economy to one in which a high proportion of the work force is either employed by the military or supports the tourist industry. Tourism accounts for about one-fourth of GDP and is a primary source of hard currency earnings. The small manufacturing sector primarily processes agricultural products. The territory benefited from a five-year (1994-98) development agreement with France aimed principally at creating new jobs. |
| Electricity - consumption | 1.39 billion kWh (2001) | 399.9 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | 5.8 billion kWh (2001) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | 500 million kWh (2001) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | 7.193 billion kWh (2001) | 430 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 2.9%
hydro: 97.1% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
fossil fuel:
51.16% hydro: 48.84% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m |
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Orohena 2,241 m |
| Environment - current issues | a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
- |
| Ethnic groups | indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena, Makua, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08% | Polynesian 78%, Chinese 12%, local French 6%, metropolitan French 4% |
| Exchange rates | meticais per US dollar - 23,678 (2002), 20,703.6 (2001), 15,447.1 (2000), 13,028.6 (1999), 12,110.2 (1998)
note: effective October 2000, the exchange rate is determined as the weighted average of buying and selling exchange rates of all transactions of commercial banks and stock exchanges with the public |
Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 127.11 (January 2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997), 93.00 (1996); note - pegged at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro |
| Executive branch | chief of state: President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November 1986); note - before being popularly elected, CHISSANO was elected president by Frelimo's Central Committee on 4 November 1986 (reelected by the Committee 30 July 1989)
head of government: Prime Minister Pascoal MOCUMBI (since 17 December 1994) cabinet: Cabinet elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO reelected president; percent of vote - Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO 52.29%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 47.71% |
chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Paul RONCIERE (since NA 1994) head of government: President of the Territorial Government of French Polynesia Gaston FLOSSE (since 4 April 1991); President of the Territorial Assembly Justin ARAPARI (since 13 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers; president submits a list of members of the Territorial Assembly for approval by them to serve as ministers elections: French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the Territorial Government and the president of the Territorial Assembly are elected by the members of the assembly |
| Exports | NA (2001) | $205 million (f.o.b., 1999) |
| Exports - commodities | aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity | cultured pearls 50%, coconut products, mother-of-pearl, vanilla, shark meat (1997) |
| Exports - partners | Belgium 24.3%, South Africa 9.1%, Germany 6.2% (2002) | Japan 62%, US 21% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book | two narrow red horizontal bands encase a wide white band; centered on the white band is a disk with blue and white wave pattern on the lower half and gold and white ray pattern on the upper half; a stylized red, blue and white ship rides on the wave pattern; the French flag is used for official occasions |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $19.52 billion (2002 est.) | purchasing power parity - $2.6 billion (1997 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 22%
industry: 23% services: 55% (2001 est.) |
agriculture:
4% industry: 18% services: 78% (1997) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2002 est.) | purchasing power parity - $10,800 (1997 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 7.7% (2002 est.) | 2.5% (1997 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 18 15 S, 35 00 E | 15 00 S, 140 00 W |
| Geography - note | the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country | includes five archipelagoes; Makatea in French Polynesia is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Nauru |
| Highways | total: 30,400 km
paved: 5,685 km unpaved: 24,715 km (1999 est.) |
total:
792 km paved: 264 km unpaved: 528 km (2000) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: 2.5%
highest 10%: 31.7% (1997) |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish, South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center | - |
| Imports | NA (2001) | $749 million (f.o.b., 1999) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles | fuels, foodstuffs, equipment |
| Imports - partners | South Africa 27.5%, France 8.9%, US 7%, Australia 6.9%, Japan 6%, Malaysia 4% (2002) | France 53%, US 13%, Australia 10% (1999) |
| Independence | 25 June 1975 (from Portugal) | none (overseas territory of France) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 3.4% (2000) | NA% |
| Industries | food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco | tourism, pearls, agricultural processing, handicrafts |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 199 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 216.85 deaths/1,000 live births female: 180.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
9.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 15.2% (2002 est.) | 1.5% (1994) |
| International organization participation | ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISET, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO | ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WMO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 11 (2002) | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 1,070 sq km (1998 est.) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts
note: although the constitution provides for the creation of a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases |
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif |
| Labor force | 9.2 million (2000 est.) | 70,000 (1996) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.) | agriculture 13%, industry 19%, services 68% (1997) |
| Land boundaries | total: 4,571 km
border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 3.98%
permanent crops: 0.29% other: 95.73% (1998 est.) |
arable land:
1% permanent crops: 6% permanent pastures: 5% forests and woodland: 31% other: 57% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects | French (official), Tahitian (official) |
| Legal system | based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law | based on French system |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - Frelimo 48.54%, Renamo-UE 38.81%; seats by party - Frelimo 133, Renamo-UE 117 note: Renamo-UE ran as a multiparty coalition; none of the other opposition parties received the 5% required to win parliamentary seats; in September 2000, Renamo-UE member Raul DOMINGOS was expelled from the party; he continues to hold his parliamentary seat as an independent |
unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee Territoriale (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 12 May 1996 (next to be held NA 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 22, Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia 10, New Fatherland Party 5, other 4 note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 24 September 1989 (next to be held NA September 1998); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UC 1; two seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 25 May - 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 2 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 31.3 years
male: 30.98 years female: 31.63 years (2003 est.) |
total population:
75.01 years male: 72.67 years female: 77.46 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 47.8% male: 63.5% female: 32.7% (2003 est.) |
definition:
age 14 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 98% (1977 est.) |
| Location | South-eastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania | Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from South America to Australia |
| Map references | Africa | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,125 GRT/7,024 DWT
ships by type: cargo 3 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 2 (2002 est.) |
total:
4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,240 GRT/7,765 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1 (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of France |
| Military branches | Army, Naval Command, Air and Air Defense Forces, Special Forces, Militia | French Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), Gendarmerie |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $35.1 million (2000 est.) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 1% (2000 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 4,142,449 (2003 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 2,373,444 (2003 est.) | - |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 25 June (1975) | Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) |
| Nationality | noun: Mozambican(s)
adjective: Mozambican |
noun:
French Polynesian(s) adjective: French Polynesian |
| Natural hazards | severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods occur in central and southern provinces | occasional cyclonic storms in January |
| Natural resources | coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite | timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 3.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Pipelines | gas 189 km; refined products 292 km (2003) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president] | Centrist Union or UC [leader NA]; Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia (Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api) [Emile VERNAUDON]; People's Rally for the Republic (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Institute for Peace and Democracy (Instituto para Paz e Democracia) or IPADE [Raul DOMINGOS, president]; Etica [Abdul CARIMO Issa, chairman]; Movement for Peace and Citizenship (Movimento para Paz e Cidadania); Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]; Human Rights and Development (Direitos Humanos e Desenvolvimento) or DHD [Artemisia FRANCO, secretary general] | NA |
| Population | 17,479,266
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2003 est.) |
253,506 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 70% (2001 est.) | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 0.82% (2003 est.) | 1.72% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba, Quelimane | Mataura, Papeete, Rikitea, Uturoa |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001) | AM 2, FM 14, shortwave 2 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 128,000 (1997) |
| Railways | total: 3,123 km
narrow gauge: 2,983 km 1.067-m gauge; 140 km 0.762-m gauge (2002) |
0 km |
| Religions | indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20% | Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 16% |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: fair system but not available generally (telephone density is only 16 telephones for each 1,000 persons)
domestic: the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter international: satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) |
general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 90,000 (2001) | 52,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 287,000 (2002) | 5,427 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (2001) | 7 (plus 17 low-power repeaters) (1997) |
| Terrain | mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west | mixture of rugged high islands and low islands with reefs |
| Total fertility rate | 4.87 children born/woman (2003 est.) | 2.23 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 21% (1997 est.) | 15% (1992 est.) |
| Waterways | 3,750 km (navigable routes) | none |
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